Pasta alla Puttanesca

Method

1. 1Build the anchovy base. Start with a cold pan: add the olive oil and sliced garlic together and place over low heat. Let them come up to temperature together slowly — about 4 to 5 minutes — until the garlic turns soft, golden, and fragrant but not brown. Browned garlic turns bitter and ruins the sauce. Add the chopped anchovy fillets and chilli flakes and cook for 1 to 2 minutes, stirring and pressing the anchovies with the back of a spoon. They will dissolve into the oil, essentially disappearing and leaving behind a rich, savory, orange-tinted oil. This is your sauce base. If you cannot see any visible anchovy pieces, you are ready to proceed.
2. 2Add tomatoes and simmer. Add the tomato paste and stir it into the oil for 30 seconds. Add the crushed tomatoes, stir to combine, and raise the heat to medium. Bring to a gentle simmer and cook for 10 to 12 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the sauce has thickened and the tomatoes have broken down. While the sauce simmers, bring a large pot of generously salted water to a boil. The sauce should be thick enough to coat a spoon — not watery. If it looks too thin, continue simmering uncovered; if the tomatoes seem too acidic, a small pinch of sugar helps.
3. 3Add olives and capers. Once the tomato sauce has thickened, stir in the olives and capers. These go in late — not at the start — because they should retain their texture and individual flavor. If they simmer too long, they lose their character and become just background saltiness. Let them cook in the sauce for 3 to 4 minutes. Taste the sauce carefully before adding any salt — the anchovies, capers, and olives are all quite salty, and the sauce almost certainly needs no extra. Add a tiny pinch only if genuinely needed.
4. 4Cook and finish the pasta. Cook the spaghetti in well-salted boiling water until just shy of al dente — 1 to 2 minutes less than the package says. Reserve a mug of pasta water. Transfer the pasta directly to the sauce using tongs, letting some starchy pasta water come with it. Toss over medium heat for 1 to 2 minutes, adding a splash of pasta water if needed to loosen. The pasta should finish cooking in the sauce and be properly coated — not swimming in it and not dry.
5. 5Finish and serve. Remove from heat. Stir in the fresh parsley — add it at the end, not into simmering sauce, so it stays bright green and flavourful. Serve immediately in warmed bowls with an extra drizzle of good olive oil if you like. Puttanesca is traditionally served without Parmesan: the sauce is intensely flavoured and fully self-sufficient, and cheese would add fat and dairy where neither is wanted. This is a rule worth respecting.