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Napoleon Pie (Japanese Strawberry Mille-Feuille) with puff pastry, strawberries and heavy cream — Japan recipe
Japan · Flour and Confectionery Products · Vegetarian

Napoleon Pie (Japanese Strawberry Mille-Feuille)

Napoleon pie (ナポレオンパイ) is the Japanese name for a strawberry mille-feuille: three layers of crisp puff pastry stacked with cold custard, whipped cream and fresh strawberries. In Japan it is also sold as 苺のミルフィーユ, which simply means strawberry mille-feuille. The pastry is French, and using the name Napoleon pie for the strawberry version is Japanese usage: Maxim's de Paris, which opened in Ginza in 1966, sold its strawberry mille-feuille under that name. This home version makes 4 pieces from one 150 g sheet of frozen puff pastry instead of pastry made in house. It also leaves out the roasted sliced almonds that some shops press onto the sides and the orange liqueur that Maxim's put in its custard. It takes about 1½ hours start to finish, 1 hour of it the custard chilling while the pastry bakes.

70 min 440 kcal 4 serves Advanced🌿Vegetarian🇯🇵Japan Jump to recipe★★★★★5.0· 1 reviews
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What is Napoleon pie?

Napoleon pie, ナポレオンパイ in Japanese, is a mille-feuille with strawberries. A French mille-feuille in its standard form is three layers of puff pastry and two of pastry cream, with the top dusted with icing sugar or glazed with fondant. The version sold in Japan as Napoleon pie has fresh strawberries and often whipped cream as well. On Japanese menus the same pastry appears as 苺のミルフィーユ, strawberry mille-feuille.

Maxim's de Paris, the Ginza branch of the Paris restaurant, opened in 1966 and sold its strawberry mille-feuille as Napoleon pie before renaming it 苺のミルフィーユ. From the 1970s it was the signature of the restaurant's cake shops, which closed together with the restaurant in 2015. Who first used the name in Japan is not documented in any source we found. According to their press releases of 2023 and 2025, KIHACHI makes a Napoleon pie each strawberry season and Amando runs a Napoleon pie shop at Tokyo Station. Shops do not all build it the same way: some coat the sides with roasted sliced almonds, and Amando puts custard only between the pastry layers and the strawberries on top.

It is easy to confuse with the Russian Napoleon cake, which is many thin layers spread with custard and left to soak overnight until they are soft. Napoleon pie is the reverse: it is assembled shortly before eating so the pastry stays crisp.

How to serve Napoleon pie

Serve the pieces soon after you assemble them. When Maxim's closed in 2015, a customer in the queue told a J-CAST reporter to eat it the same day, because she wanted people to taste the crunch of the pastry. That still holds for a home-made one.

If the pieces have to wait, keep them in the fridge, and do not leave them at room temperature for more than 2 hours.

Ingredients

ServingsMetric
  • 200 mlmilk
  • 2 egg yolks
  • 50 gsugar
  • 20 gflour
  • 0.5 tspvanilla extract
  • 150 gpuff pastry
  • 10 gicing sugar
  • 100 mlheavy cream
  • 150 gstrawberries

Method

  1. Cook the custard. In a medium mixing bowl, whisk the 2 egg yolks with 40 g of the sugar until pale, then sift in the 20 g of flour and whisk it in. Heat the 200 ml of milk in a small saucepan over medium heat until it steams and small bubbles show at the edge. Pour the hot milk into the yolks a little at a time, whisking as you go, so the yolks warm up gradually and do not scramble. Strain the mixture back into the saucepan and cook it over medium heat, whisking without stopping, until it is thick and large bubbles break the surface, then whisk for 1 minute more so the eggs are cooked through. The custard is done when it is glossy, the whisk leaves tracks that hold, and it drops from the whisk in a heavy blob and not in a stream. Take the saucepan off the heat and stir in the ½ tsp of vanilla extract.
    Napoleon pie custard: thick glossy vanilla custard whisked in a steel saucepan on a gas stove, the whisk leaving tracks
  2. Chill the custard. Scrape it into a shallow dish of about 15 × 20 cm, press cling film directly onto the surface and put the dish in the fridge for 1 hour. The film touching the custard stops a skin from forming, and a thin layer chills fast and sets firm. It is ready when it is cold to the touch and firm enough to hold the mark of a spoon. Turn the oven on to 200 °C now, so it heats up while you cut the pastry.
  3. Cut the pastry and start baking. Line a baking tray of about 30 × 40 cm with parchment. Leave the frozen puff pastry, one sheet of about 18 × 18 cm, out of the freezer for 5 to 10 minutes, until it bends without cracking but is still cold. Prick it all over with a fork and cut it raw: first in half, then each half across into 6, which gives 12 strips of 9 × 3 cm. Lay the strips on the tray in 3 columns and 4 rows with gaps of 1.5 to 2 cm. If the oven has not reached 200 °C yet, keep the tray of strips in the fridge until it has. Bake for 8 minutes, until the strips have puffed up and are still pale.
    Napoleon pie: twelve raw fork-pricked puff pastry strips laid on a parchment-lined baking tray, a hand placing the last one
  4. Press the pastry flat. Take the tray out of the oven, cover the strips with a second piece of parchment, set a second flat baking tray on top and press down gently. A flat ovenproof dish that covers all the strips does the same job. Put everything back in the oven at 200 °C with the second tray still on and bake for 15 minutes, until each strip is pale golden all the way to the centre with no white streak in the middle. If the centre is still white, put the tray straight back for up to 5 minutes more. Pastry baked under a weight turns into a thin, dense, crisp layer that can carry the custard cream without collapsing.
  5. Glaze the pastry. Lift off the second tray and the top parchment and turn the strips over so the underside faces up; it is the flatter side and colours evenly. Sift 1 tbsp (7.5 g) of the icing sugar over the strips in a thin, even layer and bake at 200 °C for about 5 minutes (4 to 6), until the sugar has melted into a clear, glossy, deep-golden glaze and no white powder is left. Stay by the oven for the last 2 minutes, because the glaze goes from glossy to burnt quickly. The glaze gives the pastry its colour, its shine and a caramel taste. Move the strips to a wire rack and let them cool completely, about 20 minutes.
    Napoleon pie: baked puff pastry strips with a golden sugar glaze on a tray, a spatula moving one to a wire rack
  6. Whip the cream and make the custard cream. In a second bowl, whip the 100 ml of cold heavy cream with the remaining 10 g of sugar with a hand mixer to firm peaks: a peak should stand up and not flop over. Scrape the cold custard into the washed mixing bowl and beat it with the whisk until smooth. Fold in half of the whipped cream (about 55 g, roughly 4 heaped tbsp) in two additions. The first, smaller addition loosens the custard so the rest goes in without knocking the air out. Stop when the custard cream is smooth, pale yellow and holds its shape on a spoon, because over-mixing makes it too soft to stack. Hull the strawberries. You need 32 pieces for the layers and 4 halves for the tops: from about 10 medium strawberries, cut 8 lengthwise into quarters and 2 in half. If your strawberries are larger, cut them into more pieces so that you still get 32.
  7. Assemble 4 pieces on serving plates. The custard cream has to make 16 roughly equal spoonfuls, two for each filled layer, so share it out evenly as you go; one spoonful is about 20 g, or 1 heaped tbsp. For each piece, lay down a pastry strip with the glazed side up, spread on one spoonful of custard cream, set 4 strawberry pieces in a row along the strip and cover them with a second spoonful. Add a second strip, glazed side up, and repeat: custard cream, 4 strawberry pieces, custard cream. Finish with a third strip, glazed side up. The custard cream on both sides of the fruit glues the layers together. Keep the strawberries level with the custard cream so the next strip lies flat; the custard cream should reach the edges but not squeeze out when you press the strip lightly. Sift the remaining 1 tsp (2.5 g) of icing sugar over the four top strips first, so it does not land on the whipped cream and the cut fruit, then top each piece with a spoonful (about 14 g) of the whipped cream and a strawberry half. Serve the pieces soon after assembling, while the pastry is still crisp.
    Assembling napoleon pie: a hand sets strawberry quarters on custard cream spread over a glazed pastry strip on a plate

FAQ

In this recipe the strips bake under a weight and are baked right through, and that is what makes them thin, dense and crisp. Prick the sheet all over with a fork before cutting it, and if the oven is not hot yet, keep the cut strips in the fridge until it reaches 200 °C. Bake the 12 strips for 8 minutes, then cover them with parchment and a second tray and bake for 15 minutes more. They are done when they are pale golden all the way to the centre; if the middle is still white, give them up to 5 minutes more. Let the strips cool completely on a wire rack after glazing, and stack them with the custard cream only shortly before you serve.

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